机载粉剂催化剂播撒设备的研制及其在奥运和残奥消云中的应用     

金华  张蔷  何晖  马新成  黄梦宇  田海军  刘力威 《气象》2012,38(11):1443-1448

人为引发的下沉气流可以抑制对流云的发展,这一现象已在试验中得到验证。用“人工下沉气流法”实施人工消云试验时,需在云顶大剂量的播撒粉剂催化剂。北京市人工影响天气办公室研制了能完成此类大剂量播撤任务的设备,并通过外场飞行试验对设备进行检验和改进。这是国内人工影响天气领域首个采用空投播撒法的粉剂催化剂播撤设备;可减少催化剂对飞机和播撤设备的污染。分析发现,新设备能够满足人工消云作业中播撒大剂量粉剂催化剂的需要。该设备在北京奥运会、残奥会开闭幕式当日的消云试验作业中投入使用,共实施消云飞行作业9架次,累计利用新设备播撒吸湿性粉剂催化剂34吨。  相似文献   

A model test system with a dynamic load device for geotechnical engineering in cold regions     

ShuPing Zhao  Wei M  GuiDe Jiao  Fei Luo 《寒旱区科学》2012,4(2):0115-0120

A model test system with a dynamic load device for geotechnical engineering in cold regions is presented. This system consists of a model test tank, a refrigeration device and temperature controller, a dynamic load device, together with sensors and data loggers for detecting stress, deformation, and temperature changes. The system can accommodate soil blocks up to 3 m in length, 2.5 m in width, and 1 m in height. The lowest temperature provided by the refrigeration device is -20 °C. The maximum load provided by the dynamic load device is 100 kN and the vibration frequency of the dynamic load can range from 0.1 to 10 Hz. A number of waveforms, such as sine waves, rectangular waves, triangle waves, and other user-defined waves can be generated by the dynamic load device controller.  相似文献   

Numerical simulations of a highway bridge structure employing passive negative stiffness device for seismic protection          下载免费PDF全文

Navid Attary  Michael Symans  Satish Nagarajaiah  Andrei M. Reinhorn  Michael C. Constantinou  Apostolos A. Sarlis  Dharma T. R. Pasala  Douglas Taylor 《地震工程与结构动力学》2015,44(6):973-995

A new passive seismic response control device has been developed, fabricated, and tested by the authors and shown to be capable of producing negative stiffness via a purely mechanical mechanism, thus representing a new generation of seismic protection devices. Although the concept of negative stiffness may appear to be a reversal on the desired relationship between the force and displacement in structures (the desired relationship being that the product of restoring force and displacement is nonnegative), when implemented in parallel with a structure having positive stiffness, the combined system appears to have substantially reduced stiffness while remaining stable. Thus, there is an ‘apparent weakening and softening’ of the structure that results in reduced forces and increased displacements (where the weakening and softening is of a non‐damaging nature in that it occurs in a seismic protection device rather than within the structural framing system). Any excessive displacement response can then be limited by incorporating a damping device in parallel with the negative stiffness device. The combination of negative stiffness and passive damping provides a large degree of control over the expected performance of the structure. In this paper, a numerical study is presented on the performance of a seismically isolated highway bridge model that is subjected to various strong earthquake ground motions. The Negative Stiffness Devices (NSDs) are described along with their hysteretic behavior as obtained from a series of cyclic tests wherein the tests were conducted using a modified design of the NSDs (modified for testing within the bridge model). Using the results from the cyclic tests, numerical simulations of the seismic response of the isolated bridge model were conducted for various configurations (with/without negative stiffness devices and/or viscous dampers). The results demonstrate that the addition of negative stiffness devices reduces the base shear substantially, while the deck displacement is limited to acceptable values. This assessment was conducted as part of a NEES (Network for Earthquake Engineering Simulation) project which included shaking table tests of a quarter‐scale highway bridge model. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Field experiment and numerical study on active vibration isolation by horizontal blocks in layered ground under vertical loading     

《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》2015

In this paper, a series of field experiments were carried out to investigate the active vibration isolation for a surface foundation using horizontal wave impedance block (WIB) in a multilayered ground under vertical excitations. The velocity amplitude of ground vibration was measured and the root-mean-square (RMS) velocity is used to evaluate the vibration mitigation effect of the WIB. The influences of the size, the embedded depth and the shear modulus of the WIB on the vibration mitigation were also systematically examined under different loading conditions. The experimental results convincingly indicate that WIB is effective to reduce the ground vibration, especially at high excitation frequencies. The vibration mitigation effect of the WIB would be improved when its size and shear modulus increase or the embedded depth decreases. The results also showed that the WIB may amplify rather than reduce the ground vibration when its shear modulus is smaller or the embedded depth is larger than a threshold value. Meanwhile, an improved 3D semi-analytical boundary element method (BEM) combined with a thin layer method (TLM) was proposed to account for the rectangular shape of the used WIB and the laminated characteristics of the actual ground condition in analyzing the vibration mitigation of machine foundations. Comparisons between the field experiments and the numerical analyses were also made to validate the proposed BEM.  相似文献   

STC加筋砂水平循环剪切与竖向激振特性试验研究          下载免费PDF全文

鲁洋  刘斯宏  张雨灼  徐小东 《地震工程学报》2015,37(2):494-499

随着中国汽车工业的发展,大量废旧轮胎带来的"黑色污染"问题日益显著。提出一种采用废旧轮胎柱(Scrap tire columns,STC)的加筋土结构,并初步探究其作为基础减隔振材料的可行性。通过室内水平循环剪切试验和竖向激振试验研究STC加筋砂(STCRS)的水平循环剪切和竖向激振特性。结果表明,最大剪应变为1%时STCRS的等效阻尼比未加筋前增加约10%,等效动剪切模量减小20%~25%,水平向减振性能得以提高;STCRS的竖向加速度衰减呈现出速度快、幅值大的特点,竖向减振效果较未加筋砂显著提高。STC加筋砂作为基础减振材料是可行的,且为原形废旧轮胎的资源化利用提供新思路。  相似文献   

考虑挤土效应时楔形桩纵向振动阻抗研究          下载免费PDF全文

吴文兵  谢帮华  黄生根  徐学连 《地震工程学报》2015,37(4):1042-1048

基于复刚度传递多圈层平面应变模型,研究考虑桩周土挤土效应时成层地基中楔形桩的纵向振动问题。首先根据桩周土体的纵向成层情况并考虑楔形桩的变截面特性,将桩土系统沿纵向划分为有限个微元段,对每个微元段的桩周土体建立复刚度传递多圈层平面应变模型,并通过剪切复刚度递推方法求得桩周土作用在桩身的剪切复刚度;然后将求得的剪切复刚度代入桩身纵向振动控制方程,运用Laplace变换技术和阻抗函数递推方法,推导得到考虑桩周土挤土效应时成层地基中楔形桩纵向振动时桩顶复阻抗的解析解;最后,采用参数研究方法在低频范围内分析挤土效应对桩顶复阻抗的影响及其规律。  相似文献   

城市地铁爆破开挖对浅埋地下大直径管道的安全影响研究     

赵建平  宋晓东 《震灾防御技术》2015,10(3):531-538

在城市浅埋地铁爆破开挖中,经常遇到地下管网、涵洞等构筑物,而爆破地震效应对其影响范围和程度的正确评价就显得尤为重要。本文以长沙地铁爆破开挖为例,以现场实测数据为基础,采用有限单元法,对爆破振动下大直径混凝土污水管道的动力响应、变形和动应力等进行了计算,评价了爆破地震对管道的安全影响。研究表明:管道在控制爆破作用下是偏于安全的;爆心距是影响管道受到爆炸作用力影响大小的最主要因素;对于以实测数据为基础,采用加速度激励的时程分析方法以爆破振动对埋地管道的影响进行评价,是一种可行且较为精确的方法。  相似文献   

喷冲气举机构试验研究     

刘孟家  辛海英  马小兵  朱儒弟 《海岸工程》2005,24(4):67-72

介绍了气举机构的工作原理,并对正压冲固平台特定沉贯施工条件下的多种气举泵设计方案进行了来列试验研究．试验研究获取了气举装置的骑气量与排水量的关系和气举高度特性以及各种泵体结构参数,为正压冲固平台基础的沉贯设备设计提供了科学依据．  相似文献   

衬砌隧道中移动轴向激励作用下两相多孔介质动力响应     

包汉营  陈文化 《岩土力学》2018,39(10):3735-3742

为了研究衬砌隧道中地铁振动在饱和地层中的传播情况,采用移动轴向激励模拟技术,建立了隧道-衬砌-两相介质的动力分析模型;利用波函数展开法、傅里叶变换法等,推导了频域内衬砌隧道移动轴向激励作用下两相多孔介质动力响应的解析解,并给出了两相多孔介质临界速度的经验公式;通过离散快速傅里叶逆变换得到了时-空域内两相介质的动力响应。结果表明：无衬砌隧道中移动的轴向常激励作用下,两相介质临界速度只与介质的剪切模量和密度有关,且数值接近其剪切波速的1.1倍;对于衬砌隧道,介质的临界速度随着衬砌剪切模量的增大而增大,随着衬砌密度的增大而减小,衬砌对振动向介质中的传播有一定的削弱作用,衬砌剪切模量与介质剪切模量相差越大,削弱越明显;动力响应频率越接近激振频率,其幅值越大,所对应的临界速度越小。  相似文献   

水平成层场地动剪应变与震动速度关系解析     

李瑞山  袁晓铭  李程程 《岩土力学》2018,39(10):3623-3630

以SHAKE2000为代表的频域等效线性化是目前主流的土层地震动计算方法。由于该方法在软土场地计算结果严重不合理,其改进方法成为目前研究热点,主要采用频率相关法,但一直没有取得实效。对频率相关法中土体动剪应变和震动速度成恒定比例关系的基本假定进行研究,从波动方程推导出了均匀全空间单向行波、单一均匀半无限场地、成层场地等3种典型场地中土体剪应变与震动速度关系的精确解答,通过数值试验研究了这一假定的合理性与偏差程度。结果表明：动剪应变和震动速度成恒定比例关系这一假定只有在无边界均匀介质单向行波情形下才成立,对于实际成层土场地,动剪应变与震动速度关系强烈依赖于波的频率和观察点的位置,如果在土层地震反应分析中忽略反射波而采用单向行波恒定比例假定将会使计算结果产生显著偏差;动剪应变与震动速度成恒定比例关系的假定导致的偏差达4个量级,即使对于单一均匀半无限空间模型偏差也十分显著;对实际土层地震动的求解,该假定在理论上定性错误,定量上偏差不可接受,必须放弃而另寻其他途径。  相似文献